Internacionalización de las MiPyMEs chinas en Latinoamérica bajo la iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta
| Autor | Joaquin Estrader/Esteban Zottele |
| Cargo | Changzhou University/Centro de Estudios de América Latina (CELA), Universidad Changzhou |
| Páginas | 107-146 |
107
ABSTRACT
Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is an essen-
tial topic for business research and development policies. By
reviewing previous literature and macroeconomic data, and
following a deductive method, this study explains MSMEs’
contribution to national development, that is, a positive effect
in terms of employment, regional economies, technological
innovation, and income distribution. In addition, we focus
on Chinese MSMEs’ internationalization and competitive
advantages in Latin American markets as a natural exten-
sion of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Additionally,
we explain the essential role of the Belt and Road Initiative
in Chinese companies’ internationalization, particularly in
building a platform for MSMEs operations in Latin Ameri-
107
Chinese MSMES’ internationalization in Latin American markets
under the Belt and Road Initiative
Joaquín Estrader*
Esteban Zottele**
* Professor at the School of Foreign Studies and Overseas Education, Changzhou Univer-
sity. Researcher at the Latin American Studies Center (CELA) and the Argentina-China
Studies Center (CEACh), School of Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires. E-mail:
jestrader@qq.com. ORCID: 0009-0003-2130-6308.
** Professor and Vice-director at the Latin American Studies Center (CELA), School of For-
eign Studies, Changzhou University. Researcher of the China-Veracruz Studies Center,
General Directorate of International Relations, Universidad Veracruzana. E-mail: este-
banzottele@hotmail.com. ORCID: 0009-0001-6169-7206. Recibido: 27 de noviembre
de 2022. Aceptado: 01 de marzo de 2023.
Internacionalización de las MiPyMEs chinas en Latinoamérica bajo la iniciativa
de la Franja y la Ruta
Latin American Journal of Trade Policy 15 (2023) - ISSN 079-9668 - Universidad de Chile
108
ca and the Caribbean. After conclusions we suggest further
research directions.
Keywords: Internationalization – China – Latin America –
Economic development – Belt and Road Initiative.
RESUMEN
Las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MiPyMEs) es un
tema esencial para la investigación empresarial y las políticas
de desarrollo. Mediante un método deductivo fundamentado
en una revisión de literatura y datos macroeconómicos, este
estudio explica la contribución de las MiPyMEs al desarrollo
nacional, es decir, un efecto positivo en el empleo, economías
regionales, innovación tecnológica y distribución del ingreso.
Además, se analiza la internacionalización y las ventajas
competitivas de las MiPyMEs chinas en los mercados lati-
noamericanos como una extensión natural de la Ruta de la
Seda Marítima del Siglo XXI. También se explica el papel
fundamental de la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta en la in-
ternacionalización de las empresas chinas, particularmente
en la construcción de una plataforma para las operaciones de
las MiPyMEs en América Latina y el Caribe. Después de las
conclusiones, se sugieren algunas posibles direcciones para
la investigación en el futuro.
Palabras clave: MiPyMEs – Internacionalización – China
– Latinoamérica – Desarrollo Económico – Iniciativa de la
Franja y la Ruta.
Latin American Journal of Trade Policy 15 (2023) - Universidad de Chile
109
Joaquín Estrader y Esteban Zottele
Chinese MSMES’ internationalization in Latin American markets under the Belt and Road Initiative
1.- INTRODUCCIÓN
National economies are as strong as their smallest units.
In China, Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
represent 99.8% of the total number of enterprises (National
Bureau of Statistics, 2018). These companies are dened by
their relative size in terms of employees, revenue, or assets,
compared to large enterprises. Every country has different
classication criteria according to the local economy. Given
composite and multifaceted nature of China’s economy, the
methodology to dene MSMEs is relatively complex.
According to the SME Promotion Law of China (2003),
the classication scale is arranged by industry category and
based on variables such as the number of employees and
annual revenue (Table 1).
After the reforms in 2005 aiming MSMEs development,
these companies have expanded their operations to all kinds
of industries, including manufacturing, services, construction,
transport and retailing. These 35 million enterprises include
30.5 million micro and small enterprises (85%) and 4.5 mi-
llion medium enterprises (15%). Most of these companies
operate in the industrial sector (59%), followed by enterprises
in the mineral non-metallic and agriculture sectors (National
Bureau of Statistics, 2015).
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