Influences traffic, public management and fundamental rights. Interdisciplinary considerations
| Autor | Jorge Isaac Torres Manrique/Prabhpreet Singh |
| Cargo del Autor | Dean of the Faculty of Law, Wisdom University, Nigeria/Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Manipal University Jaipur |
| Páginas | 203-218 |
203
Influences traffIc, publIc managem ent and fundamental rIghts.
InterdIscIplInary consIderatIon s
capÍTulo X
InFluences TraFFIc, puBlIc ManageMenT anD
FunDaMenTal rIgHTs.
InTerDIscIplInary consIDeraTIons
Jorge Isaac Torres Manrique1
Prabhpreet Singh2
I. InTroDucTIon.-
Inuences trafc is in the sights of the legal systems, legislations and public
policies of the States of the world. It is a matter of very deep and urgent con-
cern. Because of its close relationship with corruption in general, it is present
in all scenarios. The most critical and alarming point is related to the tremen-
dously harmful and dangerous effects on society as a whole. For this reason,
in this article, we address the development of the crime of inuence peddling
from the various aspects of its nature, which go beyond what is recorded in
the world of law.
1 Dean of the Faculty of Law, Wisdom University, Nigeria. Honorary Doctorate in
International Law from the Wisdom University (Nigeria). Global Advisor y Global Director
Legal Maters de la Wisdom University (Albania). Ambassador of Global Education for
the University of Wisdom (Nigeria). Legal consultant. President of the Interdisciplinary
School of Fundamental Rights Praeeminentia Iustitia (Peru). Lawyer by the Catholic
University of Santa Maria (Arequipa). Doctorates in Law and Administration from
Federico Villarreal National University (Lima). Honorary Member of the Bar Associations
of Moquegua and Apurimac. Author, co-author, director and co-director of more than
one hunderd books and treatises on Constitutional, Criminal and Administrative Law,
published in 15 countries. Co-director of the Annotated Criminal Codes of Ecuador,
Colombia, Chile. kimblellmen@outlook.com; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0707774284068716;
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-isaac-torres-manrique-42a76924/; http://orcid.
org/0000-0001-5202-3886.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Manipal University Jaipur. He holds a specialization
in Constitutional Law and has taken 25 Guest Lectures on Comparative Constitutional
Law at various universities.prabhpreet.singh@jaipur.manipal.edu https://jaipur.
manipal.edu/muj/academics/institution-list/FoL/schools-faculty/faculty-list/
prabhpreet-singh.html https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-4580
204
Jorge Isaac Torres ManrIque/PrabhP reeT sIngh
In this sense, approaching the analysis and development of the crime of
inuence peddling implies knowing and understanding its extra-legal nature,
both in its origin and in the effects of its incidence, and the same with respect
to corruption. After the aforementioned determination, by way of arriving
at a situational diagnosis, it is necessary to implement actions accordingly,
observing methodological rigor. In this issue, we assumed the commitment
of interdisciplinarity for its analysis, arriving at plausible conclusions and
suggestions; not without rst highlighting errors in the determination of the
corresponding criminal type, as well as lights, explanations and violations in
scenarios that are not only legal, but also a systematic violation of fundamen-
tal rights.
II. aBouT oF THe crIMe oF InFl uences TraFFIc.-
Inuence peddling is a meeting crime because it requires the intervention
of two or more subjects. On the one hand, the agent who offers inuence
and, on the other, the one who buys it. However, the latter is not liable as the
perpetrator, but as an accomplice or instigator. This crime is consummated
when the intercession agreement is made, that is, when the buyer of inuence
or interested party accepts the trafcker’s offer of inuence in exchange for
a benet of any kind. It is not required that the trafcker actually intercedes
before the competent public ofcial for the case, only the agreement between
the inuence peddler and the inuence buyer is sufcient. Inuence can be
real or simulated. In the rst case, they have the capacity to guide the conduct
of others and direct it according to the trafcker’s advice. In the second case,
there is no real capacity to inuence the public ofcial, but it is falsely alleged.
For example, in the Luchetti case, the inuences that Montesinos invoked
were so real that the Judicial Power nally ruled in favor of this company. In
interpreting this offense, we can differentiate between legitimate interest ma-
nagement and inuence peddling. The former seeks to improve the quality
of public decisions, allowing the opening of channels for the contributions of
thematic experts from the private sector. On the contrary, the second aims at
inuencing the public ofcial to subordinate public interests to personal inte-
rests of a friendly, economic or proselytizing nature, among others.3
The crimes of corruption of public ofcials are generally preceded by an
agent who acts as an intermediary or facilitator through the inuence he or
she possesses and offers to obtain a pecuniary, political or any other kind of
benet.Thus, a suitable typication of inuence peddling becomes an impe-
rative for those of us committed to the control and prevention of corruption.
According to its nature, inuence peddling represents the political-criminal
decision to anticipate the barriers of punishability to a stage prior to acts of
corruption such as bribery, collusion, among others, repressing from the pre-
paration phase any attempt to interfere in the public function -although, to-
3 PUCHURI, Flavio. Crime of inuence peddling: One of the most common modalities of corruption
in the public and private sphere. Online, retrieved on 17/7/23 from: https://idehpucp.
pucp.edu.pe/analisis1/delito-de-trafico-de-influencias-una-de-las-modalidades-de-
corrupcion-mas-comunes-en-el-ambito-publico-y-privado/. Lima, 2018.
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