La detención preventiva en Colombia: Tensiones entre fines constitucionales y derechos fundamentales
| Autor | Diana Marcela Trujillo Vallejo - Sergio Orlando Silva Arroyave |
| Cargo | Estudiante de doctorado en Derecho, Universidad de Medellín (Medellín, Colombia) - Doctor en Derecho de la Universidad de Medellín (Medellín). Profesor del Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín) |
| Páginas | 325-356 |
!
ESTUDIOS CONSTITUCIONALES
ISSN 0718-0195 · Vol. 19 · Núm. 2 · 2021 · pp. 325-356 · DOI: 10.4067/S0718-52002021000200325
La#detención#preventiva#en#Colombia:#Tensiones#entre#fines#
constitucionales#y#derechos#fundamentales1"
Preventive(Detention(in(Colombia:(Tensions(between(Constitutional(
Purposes(and(Fundamental(Rights(
!
(
Diana%Marcela%TRUJILLO'VALLEJO2"
Sergio%Orlando%SILVA%ARROYAVE3"
!
!
#
Resumen:(Est e% artículo% analiza% cómo% la% aplicación% en% Colombia% de% la% institución% procesal%
“detención%preventiva”%limita%el%derecho%fundamental%a%la%libertad%en%aras%de%satisfacer%fines%
constitucionalmente% válidos,% lo% que% supone% una% tensión% entre% estos.% Como% solución%a% este%
conflicto% se% acudirá% a% la% jurisprudencia% de% la% Corte% Constitucional% —sentencia% C% 469% de%
2016—%que%desarrolla%el%principio%de%proporcionalidad.%Se%concluye%que%el%fin%constitucional%
de%protección% a%la% víctima%y/o% comunidad%es% el%único% que%se% puede%considerar% válido%para%
imponer%la%medida,%porque%protege%bienes%en%concreto%y%genera%una%verdadera%colisión%entre%
derechos%fundamentales.%
!
Palabras(clave:(!"#"$%&'()*+,-."+/-0"'1(234"#/-,1(53+"'($&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'1(6#3+$373&(,"(
7#&7&#$3&+-03,-,(
!
Abstract:(8%3'( -#/3$0"( -+-09'"'( %&:(3+( ;&0&.43-1( /%"(3.70"."+/-/3&+( &)( /%"( 7#&$",*#-0(
3+'/3/*/3&+(&)( 7#"</#3-0(,"/"+/3&+( $&+'/#-3+'(/%"( )*+,-."+/-0(#3=%/(&)()#"",&.(3+(7*#'*3/( &)(
'-/3')93+=(-,.3''340"($&+'/3/*/3&+-0("+,'1(:%3$%($-*'"'(/"+'3&+(4"/:""+(/%&'">(8%"#")&#"1(-'(
-('&0*/3&+( /&(/%3'($&+)03$/1( /%"(?*#3'7#*,"+$"( &)(/%"( ;&0&.43-+(;&+'/3/*/3&+-0(;&*#/( :300(4"(
#"'&#/",( @'"+/"+$"( ;( ABC(&)(DEFB@( /%-/(,"G"0&7'(/%"(7#&7&#/3&+-03/9(7#3+$370">(H/(3'(
$&+$0*,",(/%-/(/%"($&+'/3/*/3&+-0("+,(&)(7#&/"$/3&+(/&(/%"(G3$/3.(-+,(/%"($&..*+3/9(3'(/%"(
!
!
1"Avance"de"investigación"en"el"programa"de"doctorado"en"Derecho,"Universidad"de"Medellín"(Medellín,"Colombia)."
2"Estudiante" de" doctorado" en" Derecho," Universidad" de" Medellín" (Medellín,"Colombia)."Abogada" de" la" Universidad" Autónoma"
Latinoamericana"(Medellín)."Especialista"en"Derecho"Procesal"Penal"por"la"misma"institución."Magíster"en"Derecho"de"la"
Universidad"de"Medellín."Correo"electrónico:"dtrujillo@udem.edu.co"
3"Doctor"en"Derecho"de"la"Universidad"de"Medellín"(Medellín)."Profesor"del"Tecnológico"de"Antioquia"(Medellín)."Correo"electrónico:"
sosilva694@yahoo.com"
!
Fecha de recepción: 2021-02-25; fecha de aprobación: 2021-08-04
325!
D.#M.#TRUJILLO'VALLEJO'Y'S.#O.#SILVA'ARROYAVE'
ARTÍCULO'DE'INVESTIGACIÓN'
E S TU D IOS
CON S T IT U C ION A LE S - C EC OC H
Vol. 19 · Núm. 2 · 2021 · pp. 325-356
326!
!
!
!
"
&+09(&+"(/%-/($&*0,(4"($&+'3,"#",(G-03,(/&(3.7&'"(/%"(."-'*#"1(4"$-*'"(3/(7#&/"$/'($&+$#"/"(
=&&,'1(-+,(="+"#-/"'(-(/#*"($&003'3&+(4"/:""+()*+,-."+/-0(#3=%/'>(
!
Keywords:(5*+,-."+/-0(I3=%/'1(5#"",&.1(;&+'/3/*/3&+-0(J+,'1(6#&7&#/3&+-03/9(
6#3+$370"(
!
!
1. Introducción-
J0(-$/*-0('3'/".-(7"+-0(-$*'-/&($&0&.43-+&(,"(+-/*#-0"K-(=-#-+/3'/-(@2"9(CEB(,"(DEEA4@(
$*9-(4-'"("'("0(#"'7"/&(-(0-'(=-#-+/L-'(9(,"#"$%&'($&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'(,"(0&'(3+,3G3,*&'(-,.3/"(,&'(
)&#.-'(,"(7#3G-#(,"(0-(034"#/-,(-(*+(3+,3G3,*&>(6#3."#&1(0-('"+/"+$3-($&+,"+-/-(M*"('-+$3&+-(
-0(#"'7&+'-40"(,"(0-($&.3'3N+(,"(*+-($&+,*$/-(7*+340"O(91('"=*+,&1(.",3,-'(,"(-'"=*#-.3"+/&(
7#"G"+/3G-'( @-0=*+-'( 7#3G-/3G-'( ,"( 0-( 034"#/-,5'9( &/#-'( M*"( &)#"$"+( *+-( &7$3N+( ,3'/3+/-( $&+(
.-9&#('-/3')-$$3N+(,"(0&'(,"#"$%&'( )*+,-."+/-0"'(,"0( 3.7*/-,&6@>("+( $&+?*+/&1(G"0-+( 7&#("0(
$*.703.3"+/&( ,"( *+&'( )3+"'( '"P-0-,&'( "+( 0-( ;&+'/3/*$3N+( $&0&.43-+-( 9( 0-( 0"9( 7"+-0>( Q"( %-+(
*/303K-,&($&.&(3+'/#*."+/&(7-#-(-0$-+K-#(0&'()3+"'(M*"(7#&7&+"("0(7#&$"'&(7"+-0R(=-#-+/3K-#(0-(
?*'/3$3-(9(0&'(,"#"$%&'(,"(0-'(7-#/"'("(3+/"#G3+3"+/"'R(3.7*/-,&SGL$/3.-7>(
!
2-( ,"/"+$3N+( 7#"G"+/3G-( "'( "+/"+,3,-( $&.&( 0-( 3+'/3/*$3N+( 7#&$"'-0( M*"( 03.3/-( 0-( 034"#/-,(
7"#'&+-0(,"0(3.7*/-,&($&+(0-()3+-03,-,(,"(,-#($*.703.3"+/&(-()3+"'($&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'($&+'-=#-,&'(
"+(0&'( -#/L$*0&'(DTE(,"0(/"U/&('*7"#3&#( 9(VEW(,"0(;N,3=&(,"( 6#&$",3.3"+/&(6"+-0(X;66Y>(6&#(0&(
/-+/&1("'(*+(."$-+3'.&(*/303K-,&(7-#-('-0G-=*-#,-#("0(7#&$"'&(7"+-01(=-#-+/3K-#(,"#"$%&'(,"(0-'(
GL$/3.-'( 9( 7#&/"="#( -( 0-( '&$3",-,( ,"( 0-( )*/*#-( $&.3'3N+( ,"( ,"03/&'>( Z'3.3'.&1( '"( $&+'3,"#-(
+"$"'-#3-( 7-#-( M*"( "0( J'/-,&( '-/3')-=-( )3+"'( $&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'R( '"=*#3,-,( $3*,-,-+-1( ?*'/3$3-1(
'-+$3N+( ,"( ,"03/&'1( &#,"+( 7[403$&( 9( $&+G3G"+$3-( 7-$L)3$->( ;&+)&#."( $&+( 0&( -+/"#3( 0-( ;&#/"(
;&+'/3/*$3&+-0(;&0&.43-+-(X;;;Y8' '"P-0-(M*"R(
!
Las!medidas!de! aseguramiento!tienen!una!doble!nat uraleza!que!plantea!relevantes!probl emas!a!
la!hora! de!proporcionar! una!justificación! aceptable!a! su!existencia.! De!un! lado,!son! auténticas!
restricciones!de!derechos!fundamentales;! de! suyo!comportan!una! privación! o! reducción! en!
grados!más!o!menos!importantes!de!prerrogativas!de!carácter!constitucional!y!especialmente!de!
la!libertad.![…]!El!legislador!recurre!a!ellas!porque!busca!preservar!también!otros!bienes!
!
!
!
!
4"Código"de"Procedimiento"Penal,"en"adelante"CPP."
5"Las"medidas"privativas"de"la"libertad"incluyen"la"detención"preventiva"en"establecimiento"de"reclusión"y"la"detención"preventiva"
en"la"residencia"señalada"por"el"imputado."Ley"906"de"2004,"artículo"307,"literal"A."
6"La"libertad,"presunción"de"inocencia,"debido"proceso,"a"la"defensa"y"a"la"dignidad"humana."Bieri"(2017),"p."13."
7"Urbano"(2006),"pp."111-128."
8"En"adelante"CCC"o"la"Corte."
LA'DETENCIÓN'PREVENTIVA'EN'COLOMBIA:#TENSIONES'ENTRE'FINES'CONSTITUCIONALES'Y'DERECHOS'FUNDAMENTALES'
E S TU D IOS
CON S T IT U C ION A LE S - C EC OC H
Vol. 19 · Núm. 2 · 2021 · pp. 325-356
327!
!
!
!
"
importantes,!con!frecuencia!reconducibles!también!a!derechos!de!otras!personas,!cuya!garantía!
depende!de!las!limitaciones!que!esas!medidas!llevan!a!cabo9.!
!
!-,-(0-(,&40"( +-/*#-0"K-(,"( 0-'( .",3,-'(,"( -'"=*#-.3"+/&( 0-(/"&#L-( '&'/3"+"(M*"(%-9( *+-(
/"+'3N+("+/#"(0&'(,"#"$%&'()*+,-."+/-0"'(,"0(3.7*/-,&(9(0&'(,"(0-'(GL$/3.-'S$&.*+3,-,>(6&#(*+(
0-,&1(GL$/3.-( 9('&$3",-,( #"$0-.-+(,"0( J'/-,&('"=*#3,-,(9( G"+("+( 0-(,"/"+$3N+( 7#"G"+/3G-(*+-(
\#"'7*"'/-(-(0-( -0-#.-('&$3-0()#"+/"(-0(,"03/&](M*"(=-#-+/3K-( $&+,3$3&+"'(.L+3.-'(,"('"=*#3,-,(
7-#-("G3/-#( M*"('*'( 43"+"'(?*#L,3$&'('"-+(0"'3&+-,&'(&(7-#-($"'-#( 0-(G*0+"#-$3N+( M*"('"( 0"'(%-(
$-*'-,&10>(Z'3.3'.&1('"( $&+'/3/*9"(*+-(-7-#"+/"( $&+/#-,3$$3N+("+/#"(0&'( 3+/"#"'"'(,"0(7#&$"'&(
7"+-0(9(0&'(,"#"$%&'( ,"0(3.7*/-,&1(7*"'("'/"(-0( =&K-#(-[+(,"(0-(7#"'*+$3N+( ,"(3+&$"+$3-11'"U3="(
M*"('"(0"(#"'7"/"+('*'(,"#"$%&'1(0&'($*-0"'('"(G"+(03.3/-,&'($&+("0()3+(,"(,-#($*.703.3"+/&(-()3+"'(
$&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'(G^03,&'>(
!
!"(-$*"#,&($&+(0&(-+/"#3(7-#/3.&'(,"(0-(7#"=*+/-R(_'"(&7&+"(0-(,"/"+$3N+(7#"G"+/3G-(-(0&'(
,"#"$%&'( )*+,-."+/-0"'( ,"( 0-( $3*,-,-+L-( $&0&.43-+-`(a*"'/#-( %37N/"'3'( '*=3"#"( M*"( ,3$%-(
.",3,-(,"(-'"=*#-.3"+/&( +&(+"$"'-#3-."+/"('"(&7&+"( &(-+*0-(0&'(,"#"$%&'()*+,-."+/-0"'(,"(
0&'( 3+,3G3,*&'1( 7*"'( 7#"/"+,"( 7#&/"="#( -( 0-( GL$/3.-1( -( 0-( '&$3",-,( 9( -0( 7#&$"'&(7"+-01( 7"#&(
7#&7&+".&'(M*"('*(-703$-$3N+('L('*7&+"(*+($&+)03$/&1(*+-(/"+'3N+($&+(0&'(,"#"$%&'(
)*+,-."+/-0"'(,"0(3.7*/-,&>(6&#("00&1("0(-#/L$*0&(#"G3'-#^("'/-(%37N/"'3'(-0(-+-03K-#('3(0-(
-703$-$3N+(,"(0-(,"/"+$3N+(7#"G"+/3G-("+(;&0&.43-("'($&+)&#."($&+(0-($&+'/3/*$3N+("(3,"+/3)3$-#(
0-(/"+'3N+("+/#"()3+"'($&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'(9("0(,"#"$%&()*+,-."+/-0(-(0-(034"#/-,>(6-#-(#"'&0G"#("'/-(
3+M*3"/*,( '"( */303K-( 0-( ."/&,&0&=L-( ,"( 3+G"'/3=-$3N+( /"N#3$-( 9( ,&$*."+/-0( ,"( /37&( ?*#L,3$&<(
,&=.^/3$&(4-?&(-+^03'3'<'L+/"'3'(-703$-,&(-(*+-("Ub="'3'(?*#3'7#*,"+$3-0($&.7-#-/3G-12>(
!
Q"(7-#/"(,"(*+(-4&#,-?"(/"N#3$&(7-#-(,")3+3#(M*b('&+(0&'(,"#"$%&'()*+,-."+/-0"'(91(
$&+$#"/-."+/"1(M*b("'("0(,"#"$%&(-( 0-(034"#/-,(3+,3G3,*-0>( 2*"=&1('"($-#-$/"#3K-( 0-(+-/*#-0"K-(9(
-0$-+$"( ,"( 0&'( )3+"'( $&+'/3/*$3&+-0"'( $&+'-=#-,&'( "+( 0-( ;&+'/3/*$3N+( 6&0L/3$-( ,"( FCCF1( 7-#-(
"'/#*$/*#-#($&+( '*(,")3+3$3N+( "0(+[$0"&(,"(0-(/"+'3N+( M*"('"( ="+"#-("+/#"(0&'()3+"'(G^03,&'( 9(0-(
034"#/-,>(6&#([0/3.&1('"(7#&7&+"($&.&('&0*$3N+(-("'/"($&+)03$/&("0(7#3+$373&(,"(7#&7&#$3&+-03,-,1(
7-#-(0&($*-0('"(-+-03K-#^('*("'/#*$/*#-('"=[+(0&'(7&'/*0-,&'(/#-K-,&'( "+(0-(Q"+/"+$3-( ;(ABC(,"(
DEFB(,"(0-(;;;>(
!
!
%
9"Corte"Constitucional"de"Colombia,"Sentencia"C"469"de"2016."
10"Ospina"(2015),"p."18."
11"Camilo"Sampedro"considera"que"la"detención"preventiva"resulta"inadmisible,"en"tanto"al"hacerse"un"análisis"frente"al"derecho"
fundamental"de"presunción"de"inocencia"esta"no"tendría"cabida."Sampedro"(2012),"pp."292"y"296."
12"Clavijo,"Guerra"y"Yánez"(2014),"pp."48-53;"Villabella"(2020),"p.937;"García"(2015),"pp."455-457."
Para continuar leyendo
Solicita tu prueba